This article was originally published on AVCJ on May 22, 2013 written by Tim Burroughs.
Guy Hands, founder and chairman of Terra Firma, announced earlier this year that his next fund would not charge fees on uncommitted capital. “This means there will be no pressure from investors. We can take our time and deploy capital in an opportunistic way,” he told AVCJ.
There are said to be GPs in Asia considering a similar approach, but the trend has yet to take hold. Indeed, while some LPs push for fee breaks in return for making early or substantial fund commitments, industry participants say the 2% management fee, 20% carried interest model is more or less intact.
“The downward pressure has largely been driven by LPs’ view that managers shouldn’t make profits on management fees,” says Chris ChurlMin Lee, an associate at Cleary Gottlieb. “If a smaller manager goes out to raise a larger successor fund with essentially the same team, LPs might push for lower fee rates or one or more stepdowns in the fee rate above certain fund size thresholds.” The 2/20 model is described many as “a good starting point” for negotiations. Anything over $1 billion and it becomes difficult to defend 2%; below $1 billion and there is less push back.
Several LPs express discomfort at the notion of extracting discounts from smaller managers that might be struggling to get traction on a fundraise, although the practice is not unknown.
“We’ve done around 50 firsttime institutional funds and there are situations where terms are untenable,” says Chris Lerner, a partner with lacement agent Eaton Partners. “If you are trying to build a business and you have an operating budget for that and you are being squeezed to take a discount it becomes difficult to run the business. The GP and advisor must have a good idea of what the operating budget is and then what fund size and fee string they need.”
For some investors, the ideal scenario is using an operating budget, not 2%, as the starting point. “The GP presents a budget to the advisory board and then they back into a management fee based upon that,” says Doug Coulter, a partner at LGT Capital Partners. “It’s a transparent process, and in the cases I’ve seen, it tends to be less than 2%.”
There is also variety in the hybrid structures that are emerging in Asia. If a GP a wants to build up its track record and with a view to raising a traditional blind pool fund in the future, it might line up several deals and invite LPs to participate in a shorterterm structure. There are examples of fee breaks beyond the standard 25 basis points and even GPs charging no fees at all.
However, with zerofee coinvestment increasingly used to ease the financial burden on LPs, the focus is more on other charges. With the US Securities & Exchange Commission honing in on PE firms’ approach to monitoring fees and board fees levied on portfolio companies, the real pressure is on management fee offsets.
“Some of that historically has gone straight into the GPs’ pockets, but over the years it has shifted in favor of LPs,” says Wen Tan, a partner at Aberdeen Asset Management. “The proportion of funds in Asia with a 100% management fee offset has increased from 48% in 2009 to 84% this year.”